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Firm launches first criminal robo-lawyer

An Australian firm is about to unveil a free robot service for people who are unable to afford lawyers in criminal cases.

user iconEmma Musgrave 24 November 2016 NewLaw
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Doogue O’Brien George criminal defence lawyers will officially launch Robot Lawyers next week. The virtual assistant will “help unrepresented people tell their story”.

The model works by asking users a set number of questions regarding their personal circumstances before emailing the user a document, based on those questions and answers, the user can present in court.

According to the firm’s Robot Lawyers website, the questions asked are based on the type of personal information that court is interested in when considering penalties. The robot will email users a free character reference guidelines document for any character reference statements the user may bring to their appearance in court.

The areas Robot Lawyers can assist users with include driving penalties, assault, drug and theft charges, and drink/drug driving fines.

Robot Lawyers cannot assist a user if they are pleading not guilty or are contesting or disrupting the facts in the criminal case.

Doogue O’Brien George partner Bill Doogue (pictured) said the decision to launch Robot Lawyers came after he attended an industry conference that discussed the future of law.

“The genesis of the robot lawyer concept was a legal practice management conference that Andrew George and I attended in Melbourne. The conference was run by ALPMA and was excellent on a number of levels. They had a lot of very interesting speakers about the future of law and legal practices,” Mr Doogue said.

“What that prompted for Andrew and I was a discussion about how technology could help a lot of people appearing before the courts.

“As criminal defence lawyers, we see a large number of people appearing in court unrepresented. The magistrate is generally trying their best to get information from the person, but they are often under pressure themselves from the large number of cases before them and the person may have difficulties explaining their position.”

Mr Doogue said Robot Lawyers makes it easier for the client who is trying to present the most important information to the court.

“You will often find people talking about their case afterwards saying, ‘I wish I told the magistrate about my problem’ or something to that effect. Often, people are overwhelmed by speaking in public and so they are not able to articulate their position. They may be nervous, anxious and perhaps intimidated by the court setting and the public nature of the process. These are all barriers to getting information across to the court,” he said.

“It struck us that the way we could help the most people to access justice was to provide a service like Robot Lawyers that asked the basic questions a lawyer would, then return that information in a way that is digestible for a magistrate.”

Mr Doogue said Robot Lawyers is not an attempt to completely replace lawyers with technology. However, it is hoped that vulnerable clients are served accordingly.

“If a person can be represented by legal aid or can afford a lawyer, then we would strongly recommend that they do. But for the person who cannot afford a lawyer, then helping them to present their personal information to the court in a simple manner through Robot Lawyers seemed a good idea,” he said.

“…With at least 300,000 criminal cases of all sorts being initiated each year in Australia, it means there are a large of people who need some help.

“Robot Lawyers asks the type of questions relevant to penalty that every lawyer will ask of their client. The aim of the Robot Lawyers is to make sure that none of this foundation material is missed. If the magistrate has most of the key information at hand, it will make their job easier and hopefully deliver a better outcome for the unrepresented person.”

Mr Doogue also addressed concerns lawyers may have about a model like Robot Lawyers.

“We have spoken to a number of lawyers about this project. All of them, so far, have seen the benefit for the unrepresented person but some have wondered whether we will lose clients in the process,” he said.

“Possibly. But it is our view that the improvement in access to justice is the responsibility of all lawyers. We believe that lawyers do add real value in the criminal justice process and that clients will continue to access us when and as necessary.”

Emma Musgrave

Emma Musgrave

Emma Musgrave (née Ryan) is the managing editor, professional services at Momentum Media.

Emma has worked for Momentum Media since 2015, including five years spent as the editor of the company's legal brand - Lawyers Weekly. Throughout her time at Momentum, she has been responsible for breaking some of the biggest stories in corporate Australia. In addition, she has produced exclusive multimedia and event content related to the company's respective brands and audiences. 

Prior to joining Momentum Media, Emma worked in breakfast radio, delivering news to the Central West region of NSW, before taking on a radio journalist role at Southern Cross Austereo, based in Townsville, North Queensland.

She holds a Bachelor of Communications (Journalism) degree from Charles Sturt University. 

Email Emma on: Emma.Musgrave@momentummedia.com.au 

Comments (3)
  • Avatar
    What is the website?
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    Hats off to Bill Doogue and Andrew George for making a start.  But it is just "a start", and is based on a few flawed presumptions.  The first is that every person who needs criminal legal representation has a good command of the English language, is actually literate and is Internet-savvy.  In my experience this is certainly not the case.  Another is that everyone has access to the Internet and can then access the website.  

    In my experience, the most important legal assistance many defendants need at first appearance is to understand what they have been charged with, to be able to assess whether they are guilty and to understand how the court system actually works (as against how things appear on TV). There is no indication the Robot Lawyer meets any of those important needs.

    For Robot Lawyer to actually make a real difference, it also needs to be backed by Siri or Cortana type voice recognition technology that actually asks the defendant questions, can rephrase those questions when the defendant doesn't understand them, listens to and records the answers and then analyses and reformats them into meaningful information that assists the defendant while saving the court time.  

    Rather than being on the Internet alone, such an app should probably also be available on kiosk terminals in the foyers of magistrates courts where those who need it most can easily access it.  Of course this latter suggestion points at who may actually need to administer such a system - the courts or legal aid, rather than private practitioners.  All that said, the reality is that Robot Lawyer is likely to be of limited value, even to those who know for sure that they are guilty and want to present something in mitigation of penalty.  This is because, as it is described, it simply can't replace a real lawyer.

    In the end, I can't help feeling that Robot Lawyer is part publicity stunt and part potential client catcher.  That said, I do hope it does someboy some good because, heaven knows, the criminal court system needs help in dealing with its backlog.  The true measure of Robot Lawyer will be whether it is still around in 12 months and whether Mr Doogue and Mr Andrews have put up the resources necessary to developing it from a rudimentary information collection application into something altogether more useful.  Well Lawyers Weekly, mark your diary for a follow-up story this time next year.  
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      Thank you for your interest in Robot Lawyers.

      You make a couple of valid points about the limitations, both in terms of language / literacy and internet access. However, in our research and development process, we spoke to a number of community lawyers who believe that they will be able to use Robot Lawyers in conjunction with their clients who are, more often than not, disadvantaged and vulnerable in those ways that you identified, and others.

      Your point regarding legal advice is also important. Robot Lawyers is designed to be a virtual assistant to help unrepresented people tell their story when they are pleading guilty to minor matters. Although you may think that is a limited value, after decades of seeing unrepresented people struggle to tell Magistrates much, if anything, about themselves and their circumstances, we hope that its value might be significant; at least to some.

      As to the future of Robot Lawyers, well, let's see.
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